Might be a filesystem error that led to /data being remounted read-only. If you login via ssh and look at dmesg and mount, you should be able to see that.
Those are just the file permissions – If you have a filesystem error, the read-only flag is applied at the filesystem level, regardless of what the file permissions say.
And the above message “sudo: input/output error” indicates your flash storage is defective, either hardware or software. Time to reinstall, I guess, but I don’t have experience with the Cerbo devices…